Past Simple: irregular verbs and questions
Keçmiş sadə zaman: qaydasız feillər və suallar
After this lesson you can
- Can use the most common irregular past forms (went, saw, had, made, took, bought) correctly.
- Can ask and answer Past Simple questions with did and question words.
- Can use was/were for past states and descriptions.
Explanation
Irregular verbs
Many common verbs do not add -ed. Learn them: go → went, see → saw, have → had, make → made, take → took, buy → bought, eat → ate, come → came, get → got, write → wrote. The form is the same for all persons.
Negatives and questions
Use did + base verb, just like regular verbs: She didn't go. Did she go? (not Did she went?).
Question word order: question word + did + subject + verb: Where did you go? What did you buy?
was / were
be does not use did: I/he/she/it was, you/we/they were. Negatives: wasn't, weren't. Questions: Were you at home? (not Did you be).
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Qaydasız feillər
Bəzi feillər keçmişdə -ed qəbul etmir, tamamilə başqa forma alır. Onları əzbərləmək lazımdır. Ən vacibləri:
| Əsas forma | Past Simple | Tərcümə |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | getmək |
| see | saw | görmək |
| have | had | malik olmaq, yemək |
| make | made | düzəltmək |
| take | took | götürmək |
| buy | bought | almaq |
| eat | ate | yemək |
| come | came | gəlmək |
| get | got | almaq, olmaq |
| write | wrote | yazmaq |
Forma bütün şəxslər üçün eynidir: I went, he went, they went.
İnkar və sual, yenə did
Qaydasız feillərdə də inkar və sual did ilə qurulur və feil əsas formaya qayıdır:
- She went home. → She didn't go home. → Did she go home?
- ✗ Did she went? ✗ She didn't went.
Sual sözləri
Where did you go? What did you buy? When did they come? Why did he leave? How did you get there?
Azərbaycan dilində sual sözü çox vaxt feilə yaxın durur ("Sən hara getdin?"). İngilis dilində isə sıra sabitdir: sual sözü + did + mübtəda + feil.
was / were
to be feili did ilə işlənmir:
- I/he/she/it was, you/we/they were
- İnkar: wasn't, weren't. Sual: Was it good? Were you at home?
- ✗ Did you be tired? → ✓ Were you tired?
Tipik səhv
Şagirdlər bəzən qaydasız feilə -ed artırır: goed, buyed, eated. Bu, uşaqların da etdiyi təbii səhvdir, amma yazıda ciddi görünür. Hər həftə 5–10 qaydasız feil öyrənin.
Examples
We went to Shamakhi last weekend.
Keçən həftəsonu Şamaxıya getdik.
I saw your brother at the market.
Qardaşını bazarda gördüm.
What did you buy for her birthday?
Onun ad günü üçün nə aldın?
He didn't come to the meeting.
O, iclasa gəlmədi.
came yox, didn't come
Where did you have lunch?
Nahar harada etdin?
The weather was terrible yesterday.
Dünən hava çox pis idi.
Were your friends at the party?
Dostların ziyafətdə idilər?
Common mistakes
I goed to the cinema.
I went to the cinema.
go qaydasız feildir: keçmiş forması went.
Did you saw the news?
Did you see the news?
did-dən sonra feil əsas formada olur: see.
Where you went yesterday?
Where did you go yesterday?
Sualda did mütləqdir: sual sözü + did + mübtəda + əsas feil.
Did you be at home?
Were you at home?
to be feili did ilə işlənmir; were/was işlədin.
They was very happy.
They were very happy.
they, we, you ilə were işlənir.
Vocabulary
- bought verb (past of buy)
- past form of 'buy'aldı“I bought a new jacket.”
- forgot verb (past of forget)
- past form of 'forget'unutdu“He forgot his keys at home.”
- found verb (past of find)
- past form of 'find'tapdı“I found my phone under the bed.”
- left verb (past of leave)
- past form of 'leave'tərk etdi, çıxdı“The train left at six.”
- met verb (past of meet)
- past form of 'meet'görüşdü, tanış oldu“I met my best friend at university.”
- spent verb (past of spend)
- past form of 'spend'keçirdi; xərclədi“We spent a week in Gabala.”
- took verb (past of take)
- past form of 'take'götürdü; mindi“We took a taxi to the airport.”
- went verb (past of go)
- past form of 'go'getdi“She went to school by bus.”