Past Simple: regular verbs
Keçmiş sadə zaman: qaydalı feillər
After this lesson you can
- Can talk about finished actions in the past using regular verbs.
- Can spell regular past forms correctly (-ed, -d, -ied, doubled consonants).
- Can form negatives and questions with did / didn't and use past time expressions (yesterday, last week, ago).
Explanation
Use
Use the Past Simple for finished actions at a specific time in the past: I visited my grandmother yesterday.
Form
Regular verbs add -ed, and the form is the same for all persons: I/she/they worked.
- work → worked
- live → lived
- study → studied (but play → played)
- stop → stopped
Negatives and questions
Use did/didn't + base verb: She didn't watch it. Did she watch it? Short answers: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Time expressions
yesterday, last week, last year, two days ago, in 2020. Say last week (not in last week) and two days ago (not before two days).
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Nə vaxt işlənir?
Past Simple keçmişdə müəyyən vaxtda başlayıb bitmiş hərəkət üçündür: I visited my grandmother yesterday., Dünən nənəmə baş çəkdim.
Azərbaycan dilində bu mənanı "-dı, -di" şəkilçisi verir (baş çəkdim). İngilis dilində qaydalı feillərə -ed artırılır və bu forma bütün şəxslər üçün eynidir: I worked, she worked, they worked.
Yazılış qaydaları
- adi hal: +ed, work → worked, play → played
- sonda -e: +d, live → lived, dance → danced
- samit + y: -ied, study → studied, carry → carried (amma play → played)
- qısa feil, sait + samit: samit ikiləşir, stop → stopped, plan → planned
İnkar və sual: did
| Təsdiq | İnkar | Sual |
|---|---|---|
| She watched a film. | She didn't watch a film. | Did she watch a film? |
did / didn't işlənəndə feil əsas formaya qayıdır: Did you call? (✗ Did you called?)
Qısa cavablar: Yes, I did. / No, she didn't.
Zaman ifadələri
yesterday, last night, last week, last year, two days ago, in 2020, when I was a child
Diqqət: ago sözü zaman ifadəsindən sonra gəlir: three years ago, üç il **əvvəl **. Azərbaycan dilindəki söz sırası ilə eynidir, bu rahatdır. Amma "keçən həftə" = last week (✗ in last week, ✗ the last week).
Tipik səhvlər
- did-dən sonra -ed saxlamaq: I didn't liked ✗
- "bir gün əvvəl" üçün before two days demək. Doğrusu: two days ago.
Examples
We watched a football match last night.
Dünən axşam futbol matçına baxdıq.
She studied medicine in Tbilisi.
O, Tbilisidə tibb oxudu.
study → studied
I didn't finish my homework.
Ev tapşırığımı bitirmədim.
Did you call your mother yesterday?
Dünən anana zəng etdin?
The bus stopped in front of the school.
Avtobus məktəbin qarşısında dayandı.
stop → stopped
They moved to Sumgait five years ago.
Onlar beş il əvvəl Sumqayıta köçdülər.
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Bəli, etdim. / Xeyr, etmədim.
qısa cavablar
Common mistakes
I didn't watched the film.
I didn't watch the film.
didn't-dən sonra feil əsas formada olur.
Did she visited you?
Did she visit you?
Sualda keçmiş zaman 'did'-də göstərilir, feil əsas formada qalır.
He studyed hard.
He studied hard.
Samit + y → -ied: studied.
I arrived before two hours.
I arrived two hours ago.
'...əvvəl' keçmiş mənasında 'ago' ilə deyilir və zaman ifadəsindən sonra gəlir.
We visited them in last summer.
We visited them last summer.
last ilə 'in' və ya 'the' işlənmir.
Vocabulary
- ago adverb
- before now, used after a period of timeəvvəl“I moved here three years ago.”
- arrive verb
- to reach a placegəlib çatmaq“When did you arrive?”
- carry verb
- to hold something and take it somewheredaşımaq“He carried the heavy box upstairs.”
- decide verb
- to choose what to do after thinkingqərar vermək“Have you decided yet?”
- invite verb
- to ask someone to come to an eventdəvət etmək“Thanks for inviting me!”
- last night phrase
- the evening or night before todaydünən axşam/gecə“Did you sleep well last night?”
- move verb
- to go to live in a different placeköçmək“We moved to Sumqayıt in 2018.”
- plan verb
- to decide what you are going to doplanlaşdırmaq“We plan to visit Qəbələ in spring.”