Countable/uncountable nouns: some, any, much, many
Sayılan və sayılmayan isimlər: some, any, much, many
After this lesson you can
- Can distinguish between countable and uncountable nouns in everyday contexts.
- Can use some and any correctly in positive sentences, negatives, questions and offers.
- Can ask and talk about quantity with much, many, a lot of and How much / How many.
Explanation
Countable and uncountable
Countable nouns have singular and plural: an apple, two apples. Uncountable nouns have no plural and no a/an: water, bread, money, information, advice, furniture, homework, news. Use containers to count them: a bottle of water, a piece of advice.
some / any
- some in positive sentences: I've got some eggs.
- any in negatives and questions: I haven't got any milk. Is there any bread?
- Use some in offers and requests: Would you like some tea?
much / many / a lot of
- many + plural countable: How many people?
- much + uncountable: How much money? (mostly in negatives and questions)
- a lot of with both, especially in positive sentences: a lot of friends, a lot of sugar.
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Sayılan və sayılmayan
- Sayılan isimlər (countable) tək və cəm olur: an apple, two apples, a chair, three chairs.
- Sayılmayan isimlər (uncountable) cəm forması almır və a/an ilə işlənmir: water, milk, bread, rice, money, information, advice, furniture, homework, news.
Diqqət: bəzi sözlər Azərbaycan dilində sayılır, ingilis dilində isə yox: "bir məsləhət", ✗ an advice → ✓ some advice *** və ya *** a piece of advice; "məlumatlar", ✗ informations → ✓ ***information ; "mebellər" → *** furniture; "xəbər" → the news (tək kimi: The news is good).
Sayılmayan isimləri saymaq üçün ölçü sözləri işlədirik: a bottle of water, a cup of tea, a loaf of bread, a kilo of rice, a piece of cake.
some / any
| Sayılan (cəm) | Sayılmayan | |
|---|---|---|
| təsdiq | I've got some eggs. | There's some milk. |
| inkar | I haven't got any eggs. | There isn't any milk. |
| sual | Have you got any eggs? | Is there any milk? |
Təklif və xahişlərdə sualda da some işlənir: Would you like some tea? Can I have some water?
much / many / a lot of
- many + sayılan cəm: How many apples? There aren't many people.
- much + sayılmayan: How much money? I don't have much time.
- a lot of / lots of hər ikisi ilə, xüsusən təsdiq cümlədə: a lot of friends, a lot of sugar.
Təsdiq cümlələrində much nadir işlənir: ✗ I have much money → ✓ I have a lot of money.
Tipik səhvlər
How much people? ✗ → How many people? Həmçinin a lot sonra of unudulur: ✗ a lot people → ✓ a lot of people.
Examples
Can I have some water, please?
Bir az su ala bilərəm?
xahiş, some
There aren't any eggs in the fridge.
Soyuducuda heç yumurta yoxdur.
How much sugar do you take in your tea?
Çayına nə qədər şəkər qoyursan?
How many brothers and sisters have you got?
Neçə bacı-qardaşın var?
She gave me some good advice.
O, mənə yaxşı məsləhət verdi.
advice sayılmayandır
We don't have much time.
Çox vaxtımız yoxdur.
There were a lot of people at the concert.
Konsertdə çoxlu adam var idi.
Common mistakes
Can you give me an advice?
Can you give me some advice?
advice sayılmayandır; 'an' işlənmir. 'a piece of advice' də demək olar.
I need some informations.
I need some information.
information cəm forması almır.
How much people live here?
How many people live here?
people sayılan cəmdir → many.
I have much friends.
I have a lot of friends.
friends sayılandır, təsdiqdə isə 'a lot of' daha təbiidir.
There isn't some milk.
There isn't any milk.
İnkar cümlələrdə any işlənir.
Vocabulary
- a few determiner
- a small number ofbir neçə“I've got a few questions.”
- advice noun (uncountable)
- an opinion about what someone should doməsləhət“My teacher gave me some useful advice.”
- bottle noun
- a container for liquidsşüşə, butulka“I drink two bottles of water a day.”
- furniture noun (uncountable)
- chairs, tables, beds, etc.mebel“We bought some new furniture.”
- information noun (uncountable)
- facts about somethingməlumat“I need more information about the course.”
- loaf noun
- bread baked in one piecebir bütöv çörək“Can you buy a loaf of bread?”
- luggage noun (uncountable)
- bags and suitcases for travellingbaqaj“How much luggage do you have?”
- rice noun (uncountable)
- small white or brown grains used as fooddüyü“We need a kilo of rice for the plov.”