Vocabulary: careers and the workplace
Lüğət: karyera və iş mühiti
After this lesson you can
- Can discuss career development, working conditions and workplace relationships with precise vocabulary
- Can use collocations such as climb the career ladder, meet a deadline and negotiate a salary
- Can distinguish between easily confused words like job, work, career and profession
Explanation
work (uncountable activity), job (a specific position), career (long-term path), profession (job requiring training), occupation (formal word on forms).
Career stages: apply for a position, be shortlisted, be promoted, climb the career ladder, resign/hand in your notice, be made redundant/laid off, retire. Fired means dismissed for a reason; made redundant means the job no longer exists.
Conditions: salary vs wage, benefits/perks, flexible hours, remote work, work-life balance, workload.
Collocations: meet/miss a deadline, negotiate a salary, gain experience, take on responsibility, report to a manager, build/pursue a career.
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
1. job, work, career, profession, occupation
Azərbaycan dilində çox vaxt hamısı iş kimi tərcümə olunur, amma fərqlidir:
- work, sayılmayan isim, ümumi fəaliyyət: I have a lot of work. (✗ a work)
- job, sayılan, konkret vəzifə: She got a new job.
- career, uzun müddətli peşə yolu: a career in medicine
- profession, ali təhsil tələb edən peşə: the legal profession
- occupation, rəsmi sənədlərdə peşə
2. Karyera mərhələləri
| İfadə | Mənası |
|---|---|
| apply for a position | vəzifəyə müraciət etmək |
| be shortlisted | son siyahıya düşmək |
| be promoted / get a promotion | vəzifəsi artırılmaq |
| climb the career ladder | karyera pilləsi ilə qalxmaq |
| resign / hand in your notice | istefa vermək |
| be made redundant / be laid off | ixtisar olunmaq |
| retire | təqaüdə çıxmaq |
be fired / be sacked (işdən qovulmaq, günaha görə) və be made redundant (ixtisar, işçinin günahı olmadan) fərqlidir.
3. İş şəraiti
- salary (aylıq/illik maaş) və wage (saatlıq/həftəlik əmək haqqı)
- benefits / perks, əlavə imtiyazlar (tibbi sığorta, nahar)
- **flexible working hours **, **remote work **, work-life balance
- **workload **, iş yükü; deadline, son tarix
4. İş yerində münasibətlər
**colleague **, **line manager **, report to (I report to the sales director, tabe olmaq), **team player **, delegate tasks.
5. Faydalı kollokasiyalar
**meet / miss a deadline **, **negotiate a salary **, **gain experience **, **develop skills **, **take on responsibility **, run a business.
Azərbaycanlıların tipik səhvləri
- I'm working in a bank as an economist ten years → I have been working at a bank for ten years.
- make a career → build a career / pursue a career.
Examples
After five years, she was promoted to senior engineer.
Beş ildən sonra onu baş mühəndis vəzifəsinə yüksəltdilər.
Over 200 workers were made redundant when the factory closed.
Zavod bağlananda 200-dən çox işçi ixtisar olundu.
Good work-life balance is more important to me than a high salary.
Mənim üçün iş və şəxsi həyat arasında tarazlıq yüksək maaşdan daha vacibdir.
I report directly to the head of the IT department.
Mən birbaşa İT şöbəsinin rəhbərinə tabeyəm.
We worked all weekend to meet the deadline.
Son tarixə çatdırmaq üçün bütün həftəsonu işlədik.
He wants to pursue a career in international law.
O, beynəlxalq hüquq sahəsində karyera qurmaq istəyir.
The job comes with several perks, including free lunch and a gym.
Bu işin bir neçə əlavə imtiyazı var: pulsuz nahar və idman zalı.
Common mistakes
I found a work in a hotel.
I found a job in a hotel. / I found work in a hotel.
work sayılmayan isimdir, 'a work' olmaz; konkret vəzifə üçün a job.
She was fired because the company closed.
She was made redundant because the company closed.
Şirkət bağlananda işçinin günahı yoxdur, redundant; fired günaha görə qovulmaqdır.
I want to make a career in IT.
I want to build a career in IT. / I want to pursue a career in IT.
Kollokasiya: build / pursue a career.
We must finish until Friday.
We must finish by Friday.
Son tarix üçün by işlədilir; until davam edən hərəkət üçündür.
Vocabulary
- delegate verb
- to give part of your work to someone elsetapşırığı başqasına həvalə etmək“Good managers know how to delegate tasks.”
- negotiate verb
- to discuss something to reach an agreementdanışıqlar aparmaq, razılaşmaq“Always negotiate your salary before you accept an offer.”
- perk noun
- an extra benefit you get from your jobəlavə imtiyaz“A company car is one of the perks of the job.”
- promotion noun
- a move to a higher position at workvəzifə artımı“She got a promotion after only two years.”
- redundant adjective
- having lost your job because it is no longer neededixtisar edilmiş“He was made redundant last month.”
- shortlist verb
- to choose a small group of the best candidatesson siyahıya salmaq“Five applicants were shortlisted for an interview.”
- work-life balance noun
- the balance between time spent working and time for yourselfiş və şəxsi həyat tarazlığı“Remote work can improve work-life balance.”
- workload noun
- the amount of work a person has to doiş yükü“My workload has doubled since my colleague left.”