Passive voice: all tenses
Məchul növ: bütün zamanlar
After this lesson you can
- Can form the passive in present, past, perfect, continuous and future tenses.
- Can use the passive with modal verbs.
- Can choose between active and passive to focus on the action or result.
Explanation
Passive in all tenses
The passive is be + past participle. Only be changes for tense:
- Present continuous: is being repaired
- Present perfect: has been finished
- Past perfect: had been sold
- Future: will be announced, is going to be opened
With modals: modal + be + past participle (must be signed). Past: modal + have been + past participle (should have been sent).
Use the passive when the doer is unknown or unimportant, or in formal writing. Use by to name the doer. Remember: being for continuous, been for perfect.
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Əsas qayda
Məchul növ (**passive **) həmişə be + V3 (past participle) ilə düzəlir. Zaman dəyişəndə yalnız be feli dəyişir, əsas fel isə həmişə V3 formasında qalır. Azərbaycan dilində məchul növ -ıl/-il/-ul/-ül, -ın/-in şəkilçiləri ilə düzəlir: yazılır, tikilib, təmir olunur. İngiliscədə isə ayrıca be köməkçi feli lazımdır.
Zamanlar cədvəli
| Zaman | Məchul forma | Nümunə |
|---|---|---|
| Present simple | am/is/are + V3 | Emails are sent every day. |
| Present continuous | am/is/are being + V3 | The road is being repaired. |
| Past simple | was/were + V3 | The bridge was built in 1990. |
| Past continuous | was/were being + V3 | The car was being washed. |
| Present perfect | has/have been + V3 | The report has been finished. |
| Past perfect | had been + V3 | The tickets had been sold out. |
| Future (will) | will be + V3 | The results will be announced tomorrow. |
| going to | am/is/are going to be + V3 | A new school is going to be opened. |
Modal fellərlə
modal + be + V3: *The form **must be signed *. The meeting can't be cancelled. Keçmiş üçün modal + have been + V3: The letter should have been sent yesterday.
Nə vaxt işlədilir?
- İcraçı məlum deyil və ya vacib deyil: My bike has been stolen.
- Rəsmi və elmi mətnlərdə: The samples were tested in a laboratory.
- İcraçını göstərmək lazımdırsa, by işlənir: The novel was written by a young author.
Tipik səhvlər
- being və been qarışdırılır: continuous zamanlarda **being **, perfect zamanlarda been.
- be unudulur:
The house built in 2010→ The house was built in 2010. - Azərbaycan dilində 'olunur' sözünə görə bəzən
is done byəvəzinəis be donedeyilir, modalsız zamanlarda be sadəcə işlənmir.
Examples
The main road is being repaired this week.
Əsas yol bu həftə təmir olunur.
Our flat has been painted, so it smells of paint.
Mənzilimiz rənglənib, ona görə boya iyi gəlir.
When we arrived, all the food had been eaten.
Biz gələndə bütün yemək artıq yeyilmişdi.
The winners will be announced on Friday.
Qaliblər cümə günü elan olunacaq.
This medicine must be kept in a cool place.
Bu dərman sərin yerdə saxlanılmalıdır.
I felt that I was being followed.
Hiss edirdim ki, məni izləyirlər.
Past continuous passive: was being + V3.
The package should have been delivered yesterday.
Bağlama dünən çatdırılmalı idi.
Common mistakes
The bridge is been repaired now.
The bridge is being repaired now.
İndiki davamedici zamanda being işlənir, been yox.
My wallet has being stolen.
My wallet has been stolen.
Perfect zamanlarda been işlənir: has been + V3.
The museum built in the 19th century.
The museum was built in the 19th century.
Məchul növdə be feli mütləqdir; onsuz cümlə 'muzey özü tikdi' mənası verir.
The form must signed by your manager.
The form must be signed by your manager.
Modal feldən sonra be + V3 gəlir.
Vocabulary
- construction noun
- the process of building somethingtikinti“The stadium is still under construction.”
- deliver verb
- to take goods or letters to a placeçatdırmaq“The parcel was delivered this morning.”
- launch verb
- to start or make a new product availableistifadəyə vermək, buraxmaq“The new app will be launched in May.”
- repair verb
- to fix something that is brokentəmir etmək“The lift is being repaired.”
- sample noun
- a small amount of something used for testingnümunə“Water samples were tested in the lab.”