Third conditional
Üçüncü şərt cümləsi
After this lesson you can
- Can talk about imaginary situations in the past and their results.
- Can form third conditional sentences with if + past perfect and would have + past participle.
- Can express regret and criticism about past events.
Explanation
Third conditional
We use the third conditional for imaginary situations in the past. The past cannot change, so we imagine a different past and a different result.
Form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
- If I had studied, I would have passed.
- She wouldn't have missed the bus if she had left earlier.
Use could have for ability and might have for possibility: If you had asked, I could have helped.
In speech, had and would both become 'd: If I'd known, I'd have called. Never use would in the if-clause.
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Nə üçün lazımdır?
Üçüncü şərt cümləsi (**third conditional **) keçmişlə bağlıdır. Biz artıq baş vermiş hadisəni dəyişə bilmirik, amma 'əgər belə olsaydı, nə olardı' deyə xəyal edirik. Azərbaycan dilində bunu adətən -saydı ... -ardı quruluşu ilə deyirik: Vaxtında çıxsaydın, qatara çatardın.
Quruluş
| Şərt hissəsi | Nəticə hissəsi |
|---|---|
| If + past perfect (had + V3) | would have + V3 |
- **If I had studied **, I would have passed the exam.
- She wouldn't have missed the bus if she had left earlier.
Hissələrin yeri dəyişə bilər. If əvvəldə gələndə vergül qoyulur, sonda gələndə vergül lazım deyil.
Qısaltmalar
Danışıq dilində had və would hər ikisi 'd kimi qısalır: If I'd known, I'd have called you. Birinci 'd = had (çünki arxasınca V3 gəlir), ikinci 'd = would (arxasınca have gəlir). would have tez danışanda would've kimi səslənir, amma heç vaxt would of yazılmır.
would əvəzinə could və might
- could have + V3, bacarıq: If you had asked, I could have helped.
- might have + V3, ehtimal: If we had taken a taxi, we might have arrived on time.
Peşmanlıq və tənqid
Üçüncü şərt çox vaxt peşmanlıq bildirir: If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick. Başqasını tənqid edəndə də işlənir: If you had listened, you would have understood.
Azərbaycanlıların tipik səhvləri
- Şərt hissəsində would işlətmək:
If I would have known→ If I had known. - Nəticə hissəsində past simple:
I would passed→ I would have passed. - Azərbaycan dilində fel sonda olduğu üçün bəzən have unudulur:
would went→ would have gone.
Examples
If I had set an alarm, I wouldn't have overslept.
Zəngli saat qursaydım, yuxuda qalmazdım.
Keçmişdə baş verməyib: zəngli saat qurulmayıb.
If she had known about the meeting, she would have come.
Görüşdən xəbəri olsaydı, gələrdi.
We would have won the match if our best player hadn't been injured.
Ən yaxşı oyunçumuz zədələnməsəydi, oyunu udardıq.
If you'd told me earlier, I could have helped you.
Əvvəlcədən desəydin, sənə kömək edə bilərdim.
you'd = you had
If they had taken the metro, they might have arrived on time.
Metroya minsəydilər, bəlkə vaxtında çatardılar.
I wouldn't have bought this phone if I had read the reviews.
Rəyləri oxusaydım, bu telefonu almazdım.
Common mistakes
If I would have known, I would have called you.
If I had known, I would have called you.
Şərt hissəsində (if-dən sonra) would işlənmir, past perfect (had + V3) lazımdır.
If he had studied, he would passed the exam.
If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.
Nəticə hissəsində would-dan sonra have + V3 gəlməlidir.
If we had left earlier, we would of caught the train.
If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
would've tələffüzdə 'would of' kimi eşidilir, amma yazıda həmişə would have yazılır.
If I had went to the party, I would have met her.
If I had gone to the party, I would have met her.
had-dən sonra felin üçüncü forması (V3) gəlir: go – went – gone.
Vocabulary
- injured adjective
- physically hurtyaralanmış“Two passengers were reported to be seriously injured.”
- opportunity noun
- a chance to do something goodfürsət, imkan“If only I hadn't missed that opportunity!”
- oversleep verb
- to sleep longer than you plannedyuxuda qalmaq“I overslept and missed my first class.”
- regret verb
- to feel sorry about somethingtəəssüflənmək“We regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful.”
- warn verb
- to tell someone about a possible dangerxəbərdarlıq etmək“The guide warned us not to swim there.”