Cleft sentences for emphasis
Vurğu üçün parçalanmış (cleft) cümlələr
After this lesson you can
- Can use It is/was ... that/who ... to emphasise a particular part of a sentence
- Can use What ... is/was ... to focus attention on new or important information
- Can correct a misunderstanding politely using cleft structures
Explanation
English word order is fixed, so we use special structures to emphasise information.
It-cleft: It + is/was + focus + that/who + rest: It was Ali who bought the book. It was yesterday that he called.
What-cleft: What + clause + is/was + focus: What I need is a holiday. What he did was call the police. What happened was that the train was cancelled.
Other patterns: All I want is..., The thing that..., The reason why... was..., The place where...
Cleft sentences are useful for correcting someone: It wasn't Monday – it was Tuesday that I called. Don't drop that/who in it-clefts.
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Niyə lazımdır?
Azərbaycan dilində vurğunu söz sırası ilə edirik: vacib söz feilin qarşısına keçir (Kitabı Əli aldı). İngilis dilində söz sırası sərtdir, ona görə vurğu üçün xüsusi quruluşlar işlədilir, cleft sentences.
1. It-cleft: It + be + vurğulanan hissə + that/who
Ali bought the book yesterday.
- It was Ali who bought the book. (başqası yox, məhz Əli)
- It was the book that Ali bought. (başqa şey yox, məhz kitab)
- It was yesterday that Ali bought the book. (məhz dünən)
İnsan üçün who və ya **that **, digər hallarda that işlədilir. Zamana görə It is və ya It was seçilir.
2. What-cleft: What + mübtəda + feil + be + vurğulanan hissə
- I need a holiday. → What I need is a holiday.
- She hates the noise. → What she hates is the noise.
- Hərəkəti vurğulamaq üçün do işlədilir: *** What he did was** (to) call the police.* / What happened was (that) the train was cancelled.
3. Digər variantlar
- All I want is some sleep. (yalnız bu)
- The thing that annoys me is his attitude.
- The reason why I left was the salary.
- The place where we met was a small café.
Səhv düzəltmək
Cleft cümlələr nəzakətli düzəliş üçün idealdır: It wasn't Monday that I called, it was Tuesday.
Diqqət
- What-cleft-də be feili adətən təkdə qalır: What we need is more time.
- Azərbaycanlılar tez-tez It was Ali bought deyib who/that-ı buraxırlar, bu səhvdir.
Examples
It was my sister who told me the news, not my brother.
Xəbəri mənə qardaşım yox, məhz bacım dedi.
It's the price that worries me, not the quality.
Məni narahat edən keyfiyyət yox, qiymətdir.
What I really need is a quiet place to work.
Mənə əslində lazım olan işləmək üçün sakit bir yerdir.
What she did was apologise to everyone.
Onun etdiyi şey hamıdan üzr istəmək oldu.
hərəkət vurğusu: What ... did was + feil
All we want is a fair decision.
Bizim istədiyimiz yalnız ədalətli qərardır.
The reason why I chose this university was its research programme.
Bu universiteti seçməyimin səbəbi onun tədqiqat proqramı idi.
It was in 2019 that they opened their first shop.
Onlar ilk mağazalarını məhz 2019-cu ildə açdılar.
Common mistakes
It was Ali bought the tickets.
It was Ali who bought the tickets.
It-cleft-də vurğulanan hissədən sonra who/that mütləqdir.
What I need it is more time.
What I need is more time.
What-clause özü mübtədadır, əlavə 'it' lazım deyil.
What he did was he called the police.
What he did was call the police.
What ... did was-dan sonra feilin məsdər forması (to-suz və ya to ilə) gəlir, yeni cümlə yox.
It is the noises that annoys me.
It is the noise that annoys me.
that-dan sonrakı feil vurğulanan isimlə uzlaşmalıdır: the noise annoys, the noises annoy.
Vocabulary
- annoy verb
- to make someone slightly angryəsəbiləşdirmək, cana gətirmək“The thing that annoys me most is people talking in the cinema.”
- attitude noun
- the way someone thinks or feels about somethingmünasibət“The writer's attitude towards the plan is critical.”
- crucial adjective
- extremely importanthəlledici, çox vacib“What is crucial is that we finish on time.”
- emphasise verb
- to give special importance to somethingvurğulamaq“He emphasised the need for caution.”
- misunderstanding noun
- a failure to understand something correctlyanlaşılmazlıq“There appears to have been a misunderstanding regarding the terms.”
- on purpose adverb phrase
- intentionally, not by accidentqəsdən“It wasn't on purpose that I deleted the file.”
- point out phrasal verb
- to tell someone about a fact they had not noticeddiqqətə çatdırmaq, qeyd etmək“It was Nigar who pointed out the mistake.”
- take credit for verb phrase
- to accept praise for something(uğuru) özünə çıxmaq“It was the whole team that did the work, but he took credit for it.”