Passive with reporting verbs: it is said that
Nəql feilləri ilə passiv: it is said that
After this lesson you can
- Can use It is said/believed/thought that ... to report general opinions impersonally
- Can use subject + be said/believed + to-infinitive, including perfect and continuous infinitives
- Can recognise and use these structures in news reports and formal writing
Explanation
We use these structures when the source of information is unknown, unimportant, or when we want to sound objective, especially in news and formal writing.
It + passive reporting verb + that: It is said that the castle is haunted. It was reported that two people were injured.
Subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive: The castle is said to be haunted.
- present: to be / to be doing
- earlier: to have done / to have been doing
- passive earlier: to have been done
Common verbs: say, believe, think, know, report, expect, claim, consider, estimate. Don't mix the two patterns (He is said that... is wrong).
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Niyə işlədilir?
Bəzən məlumatın mənbəyi bilinmir və ya vacib deyil, yaxud yazıçı məsuliyyəti öz üzərinə götürmək istəmir. Azərbaycan dilində bunu deyilir ki, hesab olunur ki, güman edilir ki ilə ifadə edirik. İngilis dilində iki quruluş var.
1. It + passiv nəql feili + that
People say that the castle is haunted. → It is said that the castle is haunted. Feillər: say, believe, think, know, report, expect, claim, consider, estimate, understand, allege.
- It is expected that prices will rise.
- It was reported that two people were injured.
2. Mübtəda + passiv nəql feili + to-infinitive
Eyni məna, amma cümlə insan və ya əşya ilə başlayır: The castle is said to be haunted.
İnfinitivin forması zamanı göstərir:
| Məna | Forma | Nümunə |
|---|---|---|
| indi / ümumi | to + feil | He is said to be rich. |
| indi davam edən | to be + -ing | She is believed to be living in Paris. |
| əvvəl olmuş | to have + V3 | He is thought to have left the country. |
| əvvəl davam etmiş | to have been + -ing | They are reported to have been hiding for weeks. |
| passiv, keçmiş | to have been + V3 | The painting is believed to have been stolen. |
Zaman uzlaşması
Nəql feili keçmişdədirsə: It was thought that he was guilty. → He was thought to be guilty.
Azərbaycanlıların tipik səhvləri
- He is said that he is rich, iki quruluşu qarışdırmaq olmaz.
- She is believed to living, to-dan sonra be living lazımdır.
- Keçmiş hadisə üçün is said to leave demək, to have left olmalıdır.
Diqqət: there
There are said to be over 500 species in the park., there da mübtəda kimi işlənə bilər.
Examples
It is said that the old bridge was built without a single nail.
Deyilir ki, köhnə körpü bir dənə də mismar işlədilmədən tikilib.
The minister is expected to resign later this week.
Nazirin bu həftənin sonunda istefa verəcəyi gözlənilir.
Over a thousand people are believed to have attended the concert.
Konsertdə min nəfərdən çox insanın iştirak etdiyi güman edilir.
It is estimated that the project will cost two million manats.
Layihənin iki milyon manata başa gələcəyi təxmin edilir.
The suspect is thought to be hiding somewhere in the mountains.
Şübhəlinin dağlarda harasa gizləndiyi düşünülür.
The painting was reported to have been stolen in 1985.
Rəsm əsərinin 1985-ci ildə oğurlandığı bildirilmişdi.
There are known to be several risks with this treatment.
Bu müalicənin bir neçə riski olduğu məlumdur.
Common mistakes
He is said that he is very rich.
It is said that he is very rich. / He is said to be very rich.
İki quruluş qarışdırılıb: ya It ... that, ya da mübtəda + to-infinitive.
The thieves are believed to escape last night.
The thieves are believed to have escaped last night.
Hadisə nəql anından əvvəl olub, ona görə perfect infinitive (to have escaped) lazımdır.
She is thought to working on a new novel.
She is thought to be working on a new novel.
Davam edən hərəkət üçün to be + -ing.
It is believed the company to be in trouble.
It is believed that the company is in trouble.
It-quruluşundan sonra that + tam cümlə gəlir, infinitive yox.
Vocabulary
- allege verb
- to state something as true without proofiddia etmək (sübutsuz)“The report alleges that funds were misused.”
- estimate verb
- to calculate approximatelytəxmin etmək“It is estimated that 2,000 people attended.”
- haunted adjective
- visited by ghosts, according to storiesruhların dolaşdığı (deyilən)“The house is said to be haunted.”
- resign verb
- to officially leave your jobistefa vermək“The director is expected to resign.”
- suspect noun
- a person who is thought to have committed a crimeşübhəli şəxs“The suspect is believed to have left the city.”
- widely adverb
- by many people or in many placesgeniş şəkildə, çoxları tərəfindən“It is widely believed that the economy will recover.”