Conditionals: unless, provided that, otherwise
Şərt bildirən alternativlər: unless, provided that, otherwise
After this lesson you can
- Can use unless, as long as, provided/providing that and on condition that instead of if
- Can use otherwise and or else to express negative consequences
- Can distinguish in case from if and use suppose/supposing and imagine for hypothetical situations
Explanation
- unless = if ... not: Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus. Don't add another negative.
- as long as / provided (that) / providing (that) / on condition that = only if (a strong condition): You can borrow it as long as you return it.
- otherwise / or else = if not, then: Write it down, otherwise you'll forget.
- in case = as a precaution: Take an umbrella in case it rains (take it now). It is different from if.
- suppose / supposing / what if introduce imagined situations: Supposing you lost your job, what would you do?
- even if = it doesn't matter whether: I'll go even if it rains.
As with if, don't use will after these words.
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
1. unless = if ... not
Əgər ... -masa. Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus. = If you don't hurry, ...
- unless-dən sonra adətən inkar işlədilmir: ✗ Unless you don't hurry.
- Şərt cümləsində will işlənmir: ✗ Unless it will rain.
2. as long as / provided (that) / providing (that) / on condition that
Yalnız ... şərtilə. Bunlar güclü şərt bildirir.
- You can borrow my car as long as you bring it back by six.
- We'll sign the contract provided that the price is fair. (rəsmi)
- He was released on condition that he left the country. (çox rəsmi)
3. otherwise / or else
Yoxsa, əks halda. Əvvəlki cümlə yerinə yetirilməsə, nə olacağını göstərir.
- Write it down, otherwise you'll forget.
- Leave now, or else you'll be late. otherwise adətən yeni cümlənin və ya nöqtəli vergülün əvvəlində gəlir.
4. in case, if deyil!
Azərbaycanlıların ən çox səhv etdiyi yer: in case = ehtiyat üçün, birdən ... olar deyə.
- Take an umbrella in case it rains., Birdən yağış yağar deyə çətir götür (indi götür).
- Take an umbrella if it rains., Yağış yağsa, çətir götür (yalnız yağanda).
5. suppose / supposing / imagine / what if
Hipotetik vəziyyət: Supposing you lost your job, what would you do? What if nobody comes?
6. even if
Hətta ... olsa belə: I'll go even if it rains.
Xülasə cədvəli
| Bağlayıcı | Azərbaycanca |
|---|---|
| unless | ... -masa |
| as long as / provided | ... şərtilə |
| otherwise | əks halda |
| in case | ... olar deyə (ehtiyatən) |
| even if | hətta ... olsa belə |
Examples
Unless the weather improves, the match will be cancelled.
Hava yaxşılaşmasa, oyun ləğv ediləcək.
You can stay out late as long as you text me.
Mənə mesaj yazmaq şərtilə gec qala bilərsən.
Providing that we get the funding, the project will start in March.
Maliyyə əldə etsək, layihə martda başlayacaq.
Save your work regularly; otherwise you might lose everything.
İşini mütəmadi yadda saxla, əks halda hər şeyi itirə bilərsən.
I'll give you my number in case you need anything.
Birdən nəsə lazım olar deyə sənə nömrəmi verim.
Supposing you won the lottery, what would you buy first?
Tutaq ki, lotereya uddun, ilk olaraq nə alardın?
I wouldn't eat there even if it were free.
Pulsuz olsa belə, orada yemək yeməzdim.
Common mistakes
Unless you don't study, you will fail.
Unless you study, you will fail.
unless artıq inkar mənası daşıyır (if ... not), əlavə inkar lazım deyil.
Take some money in case you will need it.
Take some money in case you need it.
in case-dən sonra gələcək üçün Present Simple işlədilir, will yox.
I'll bring a jacket if it gets cold. (meaning: bring it now as a precaution)
I'll bring a jacket in case it gets cold.
Ehtiyat üçün indi etdiyimiz hərəkətdə in case lazımdır; if yalnız şərt baş verəndə hərəkət edəcəyimizi göstərir.
Hurry up, otherwise we miss the train.
Hurry up, otherwise we'll miss the train.
otherwise-dən sonra nəticə cümləsi adi gələcək zamanda olur: we'll miss.
Vocabulary
- cancel verb
- to decide that a planned event will not happenləğv etmək“Unless more people register, the course will be cancelled.”
- condition noun
- something that must happen before something else can happenşərt“I'll help you on one condition: you help me next time.”
- deposit noun
- money paid in advance as part of the total pricebeh, depozit“You need to pay a deposit to book the room.”
- emergency noun
- a sudden dangerous situation that needs fast actionfövqəladə hal“Keep this number in case of emergency.”
- funding noun
- money given for a particular purposemaliyyələşmə“Provided we get funding, we'll hire two new people.”
- precaution noun
- an action taken to avoid a problemehtiyat tədbiri“As a precaution, keep a copy in case you lose the original.”
- release verb
- to let someone leave a place where they were keptazad etmək, buraxmaq“He was released on condition that he reported to the police weekly.”
- terms noun
- the conditions of an agreementşərtlər“We need to agree on the payment terms.”