Conditionals review
Şərt cümlələrinin təkrarı
After this lesson you can
- Can use zero, first, second and third conditionals accurately.
- Can form mixed conditionals linking past causes and present results.
- Can use alternatives to if such as unless, provided that and as long as.
Explanation
Zero conditionals express general truths; first conditionals describe real future possibilities; second conditionals describe imaginary present or future situations; third conditionals describe imaginary past situations. Never use will or would in the if-clause.
Mixed conditionals combine times: a past condition with a present result (If I had taken the job, I would be rich now) or a present condition with a past result.
Alternatives to if include unless (= if not), provided that, as long as, suppose, and otherwise. In case means 'as a precaution', not 'if'. In formal English, inversion replaces if: Had I known…, Should you need…, Were it not for….
Azərbaycan dilində ətraflı izah
Dörd əsas tip
| Tip | If hissəsi | Nəticə hissəsi | Məna |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | Present Simple | Present Simple | ümumi həqiqət |
| First | Present Simple | will + V1 | real gələcək |
| Second | Past Simple | would + V1 | xəyali indi/gələcək |
| Third | Past Perfect | would have + V3 | xəyali keçmiş |
- If you heat ice, it melts.
- If it rains, we'll stay at home.
- If I had more time, I would learn Japanese.
- *If she **had studied *, she would have passed.
Azərbaycan dilində şərt «-sa/-sə» şəkilçisi ilə ifadə olunur və «gəlsə», «gəlsəydi», «gəlmiş olsaydı» kimi formalar var. Diqqət: if hissəsində will və would işlənmir. «Gələcəksə» kimi düşünüb If he will come demək səhvdir.
Qarışıq şərtlər
Keçmiş səbəb – indiki nəticə: If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. İndiki xüsusiyyət – keçmiş nəticə: If he were more careful, he wouldn't have crashed the car.
if-in alternativləri
- unless = if ... not: I won't go unless you come. (unless-dən sonra inkar yoxdur!)
- provided (that) / as long as – yalnız bu şərtlə: You can borrow it as long as you return it.
- in case – ehtiyat üçün: Take an umbrella in case it rains. (in case ≠ if)
- Suppose / Imagine – fərziyyə: Suppose you lost your job, what would you do?
- Otherwise – əks halda: Hurry, otherwise we'll be late.
Formal inversiya
Rəsmi üslubda if buraxılır: Had I known, I would have helped. Should you need help, call us. Were it not for her, we'd be lost.
were
İkinci tipdə bütün şəxslərlə were daha formal və standartdır: If I were you, I'd apologise.
Examples
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
Göy və sarını qarışdırsan, yaşıl alınır.
If the price goes down, I'll buy a new laptop.
Qiymət düşsə, yeni noutbuk alacağam.
If I lived closer to the sea, I would swim every day.
Dənizə daha yaxın yaşasaydım, hər gün üzərdim.
If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the flight.
Daha tez çıxsaydıq, reysə gecikməzdik.
If I hadn't moved to Baku, I wouldn't know my best friend now.
Bakıya köçməsəydim, indi ən yaxın dostumu tanımazdım.
Qarışıq şərt: keçmiş səbəb, indiki nəticə.
Take some cash in case the card machine doesn't work.
Kart aparatı işləməsə deyə özünlə nağd pul götür.
in case – ehtiyat tədbiri.
Should you have any questions, please contact our office.
Hər hansı sualınız olarsa, ofisimizlə əlaqə saxlayın.
Formal inversiya.
Common mistakes
If he will come, I will tell him.
If he comes, I will tell him.
if hissəsində gələcək mənası Present Simple ilə verilir, will işlənmir.
If I would have known, I would have helped.
If I had known, I would have helped.
Üçüncü tipdə if hissəsində Past Perfect olmalıdır, would have yox.
Unless you don't hurry, you'll be late.
Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
unless artıq 'if not' deməkdir, ikinci inkar əlavə etmək olmaz.
I'll take a coat if it gets cold, just as a precaution.
I'll take a coat in case it gets cold.
Ehtiyat üçün edilən hərəkətdə in case işlənir; if yalnız şərt olduqda.
Vocabulary
- as long as conjunction
- on the condition thatnə qədər ki, şərtilə ki“I don't mind as long as you're happy.”
- consequence noun
- a result of an action or situationnəticə, fəsad“Every decision has consequences.”
- hypothetical adjective
- imagined or suggested but not realfərziyyəvi“Let's consider a hypothetical situation.”
- in case conjunction
- as a precaution against something happening...-sa deyə, ehtiyat üçün“Save a copy in case the file gets damaged.”
- otherwise adverb
- if not; or elseəks halda“Leave now; otherwise you'll miss the train.”
- provided that conjunction
- only if a particular condition is metbir şərtlə ki“You can borrow my laptop provided that you return it by Friday.”
- unless conjunction
- except if...-mazsa, əgər ... olmasa“We'll start at nine unless the boss is late.”